The arboretum consists of a living collection of indigenous and foreign tree species that can thrive in the specific climate. For example, it can be used to demonstrate tree species in a general way or to study the biological characteristics of naturally occurring trees or their natural groups, as well as the introduction of exotic tree species, ecotypes, geographical variants, etc., and how they acclimate, propagate, or hybridize. It can be set up as tiny stands of the same species or as a park arrangement, which highlights the trees' aesthetic value. Planting is carried out based on systematic, ecological, or geographic relatedness. In France, the world's first arboretum was founded in the 17th century.
Trees cover about 30% of our planet. They produce oxygen that we need for life and absorb carbon dioxide that we exhale. One mature deciduous tree can produce enough oxygen to sustain 10 people for an entire year.
Trees form forests, which can also influence regional weather and create their own microclimate.
They help absorb excess moisture, reduce soil loss, aid in erosion control, and slow down water flow, thus preventing floods.
Groups of trees can also serve as windbreaks, providing support for wind-sensitive crops.
The network of roots can stabilize large amounts of soil and prepare the foundation of the entire ecosystem against erosion by wind or water.
Trees can capture pollutants in the air, such as carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen dioxide. They can absorb various toxins from the soil, and this unique ability is especially important in areas with sewage or water runoff.
Trees are natural noise barriers. Noise is mitigated because in forests, leaves rustle, herbs whisper, and birdsong is also important. A few well-placed trees can reduce background noise by 5 to 10 decibels, or about 50% for the human ear.
Trees or shrubs provide food for people and animals, including fruit, nuts, seeds, and sap, but they also allow mushrooms, wild berries, and beetles to grow in forest soil, which are then consumed in the food chain by birds, rabbits, fish, and wildlife.
Trees and other plants living among them can heal us. Many medicines contain medicinal plant ingredients.
Paper is made from trees, furniture is made from wood, and wood is a fundamental building material.
Trees create healing energy, making a walk in the forest an important element of relaxation. Our overall health, body resilience, and lifespan depend on the quality of the atmosphere. Air saturated with negative ions, which are vital for our health, is found in natural environments such as forests, waterfalls, lakes, and after a storm. Without trees, neither humans nor animals would exist.
The area of the Arborétum Doľany covers 2.7 hectares and hosts more than 70 species of trees. In addition to the rich species composition in such a small area, there is also an interesting forest undergrowth here. The tour begins at the national landmark "The Parish Church of St. Catherine", where a large information board about the arboretum and the protected bird area is located. The entire route is approximately 1 000 meters long.
The entire area of the arboretum is monitored.
Elevation profil
Within the Arboretum Doľany, there is a rare lime tree estimated to be 400 to 500 years old. We will not determine its exact age, as it would have to be cut down. It is located near the church of St. Leonard.
The layers of rocks on which this linden tree grows are only found in the vicinity of Dolian, hence they are called Dolianske. They consist of conglomerates breccias, as well as sand and gravel. The base of the conglomerates is made up of limestone gravels bound by a calcareous cement, which, after being dripped with diluted HCl bubbles significantly (CO2 escapes). Breccias, on the other hand, consist of angular fragments of dolomite, which, unlike limestone, contains more magnesium. The Dolianske layers were formed in a sea that was present in the area of today's Danubian Lowland during the younger Tertiary about 14 million years ago. The bay extended into the Little Carpathians, which provided it with material similar to today's alluvial cone. The cave behind St. Leonard's chapel is classified as a pseudokarst cave. It was formed by mechanical disruption of rocks along fractures or faults. The chapel dates back to the 14th or 15th century and is built in the Gothic style. A peculiar feature of the chapel is that its left side is embedded in the rock massif, forming the right part of the structure. Inside there is a recessed rock from which water slowly drips, which the locals collect with the idea that applying it to the eyes helps.
Practically in all organic realms, representatives can be found that are at least in some phase of their life tied to the tree habitat. These organisms are referred to as saproxylic and are directly involved or dependent on the decomposition of woody material from living or dead trees by fungi or on other products resulting from decomposition. Many species referred to as saproxylic are dependent on woody material not just as a food source. These are animals that use trees for nesting and reproduction, as well as mosses and lichens living on the surface of the wood. Sanitation interventions should never lead to a significant reduction in the amount of decaying wood at the site. Decaying wood is a significant phenomenon of forest ecosystems and represents a sort of continuity in the forest ecosystem as it connects several generations of the forest. The decomposition time of wood is reported to be from 20 to 180 years. The decomposition of wood, especially roots and stumps, often exceeds the regeneration period of the stand. Leaving dead, decaying, fallen, rotting, or decomposed trees in the forest has great ecological significance for the entire habitat. Native species of oaks are in Slovakia, but undoubtedly also in a larger part of Europe, the tree species with the greatest importance regarding the diversity of saproxylic species that can utilize them. There are several reasons why oaks are so significant for saproxylic organisms. Compared to some other species (e.g., ash), their advantage is that they do not produce strongly toxic substances that would limit the range of their inhabitants. Moreover, they grow in lowlands, where the species richness of saproxylic organisms is greater than at higher altitudes. However, their greatest advantage is probably that they grow to considerable size and live to a great age. They create a diverse range of various specific microhabitats (cavities, splits, loose bark, etc.). On a single tree, there is both live and dead wood, in a variety of stages of decomposition.
The majestic cedar oak is an ornament of the Arborétum Doľany.